Op-amp Komparator

Konfigurasi open-loop pada Op Amp dapat difungsikan sebagai komparator. Jika kedua input pada Op Amp pada kondisi open-loop, maka Op Amp akan membandingkan kedua saluran input tersebut. Hasil komparasi dua tegangan pada saluran masukan akan menghasilkan tegangan saturasi positif (+Vsat) atau saturasi negatif (-Vsat).

Sebuah rangkaian komparator akan membandingkan isyarat tegangan yang masuk pada satu saluran input dengan tegangan pada saluran input lain, yang disebut tegangan referensi. Tegangan output berupa isyarat tegangan high atau low sesuai dengan besar isyarat tegangan masukan yang lebih tinggi.

Besar isyarat tegangan keluaran dari komparator tidak bersifat linier secara proporsional terhadap besar tegangan input. Terdapat dua macam komparator, antara lain :

1.  Komparator Tak-Membalik (Non-Inverting Comparator)
2.  Komparator Membalik (Inverting Comparator)

Materi selengkapnya silakan diunduh di sini

ABU ROBOCON 2012

 In our game, robots will be the bun-snatchers. They will travel through the Tunnel, cross the Bridge and land the Island where the Bun Tower locates. They have to snatch the “Peng On Bun” in order to achieve “Peng On Dai Gat” .Who will be the winner of the ABU Asia-Pacific Robot Contest 2012 after a great “journey” in Hong Kong? Let’s see!

 Hong Kong will be the host city of the 11th ABU Robot Contest in 2012. By then, students from the Asia-Pacific region will gather in Hong Kong, directing robots to cross Bridges and Tunnels, land the Island, climb the Bun Tower, snatch the lucky Buns and achieve “Peng On Dai Gat”. Who will be the winner of the ABU Asia-Pacific Robot Contest 2012 after a great “journey” in Hong Kong? Let’s see!
Hong Kong is hilly with a rich landscape that includes over 200 islands, leading to a particularly strong need of bridges and tunnels. Among these we have the Cross Harbour Tunnel linking up Kowloon and Hong Kong Island across Victoria Harbour, while the Tsing Ma Bridge is the world’s longest road-and-rail suspension bridge that brings Lantau Island closer to us. Thanks to these bridges and tunnels, Hong Kong now boasts a well-developed traffic network.

CodeVisionAVR v2.05.0

V2.05.0 Commercial Release

• added ADC support for ATxmega chips in the CodeWizardAVR
• added support for the ATmega8U2, ATmega16U2, ATmega32U2, ATmega32A chips in the C Compiler, CodeWizardAVR and Programmer
• added support for the USB controller of the AT90USB82, AT90USB162, ATmega16U4 and ATmega32U4 chips in the CodeWizardAVR
• added a new alphanumeric LCD library (alcd_ks0073.h) for the Samsung KS0073 controller
• improved configuration settings for ATxmega EBI SDRAM mode
• disabled the possibility to specify the SCK clock rate for SPI slave mode in the CodeWizardAVR for non-ATxmega devices
• added code to clean up NVM controller command register after EEPROM write for ATxmega chips
• fixed: when the EBI was configured in SDRAM 3P mode, the upper 4 bits of PORTJ were not set as outputs for address lines A8..A11
• fixed: functions with __reset attribute were removed by the linker
• fixed: added code to ensure that RAMPX=0 after clearing/initializing more than 65535 bytes of RAM in the start-up code for the ATxmega chips
• added the missing definitions of EBI_SDCAS_bm, EBI_SDROW_bm and EBI_CS_SDSREN_bm used by the start-up code during EBI initialization for ATxmega chips
• corrected SP initialization for ATxmega chips when calling functions with __reset attribute and external RAM enabled
• fixed: the compiler could produce incorrect code (hardware stack unbalance) when adressing structure members in complex expressions using pointers, if the member's offset is higher than 64-sizeof(member)
• fixed: because the ATxmega registers are not mapped to RAM, like in the rest of the AVR chips, the addresses of global variables allocated to registers R2..R14, obtained using the & operator, were not correctly passed as function arguments
• fixed: the CodeWizardAVR for ATxmega chips incorrectly set the upper 4 bits of the USART BAUDCTRLB register for negative values of BSCALE
• corrected the signature for the ATtiny4313 chip in the programmer
• added new ATxmega ADC examples in the \EXAMPLES ATxmega\ADC directory
• updated the Help topics: CodeVisionAVR C Compiler Reference|Accesing the I/O Registers and CodeVisionAVR C Compiler Reference|Bit Level Access to the I/O Registers with ATxmega specific examples

CodeVisionAVR 2.5.0